List of Articles Liberalism

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  1 - John Rawls’ Theory of Political Justice: A Solution for the Contradiction between Equality and Freedom
  mohamad ali tavana
  To find a solution to obviate the contradiction between equality and freedom is one challenging problem in political philosophy. All schools- from liberal to multiculturalist- have tried to solve the it. One important attempt is John Rawls’ theory of political philosoph More

  To find a solution to obviate the contradiction between equality and freedom is one challenging problem in political philosophy. All schools- from liberal to multiculturalist- have tried to solve the it. One important attempt is John Rawls’ theory of political philosophy where he puts forward political liberalism as a key concept. Taking a critical approach, the present article studies Rawls’ theory. In doing so, it employs an analytical framework, and the method of content analysis. Firs, it introduces the basic elements and principles of the theory, then it examines how compatible or contradictory they are with conclusions made, and finally discusses the (in)efficiency of the theory in obviating the problem of freedom and equality. Manuscript profile
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  2 - Evolution in Concept of Sovereignty in Political and International Approaches
  شهروز  ابراهيمي
  It seems that all the changes and evolutions in the concept of sovereignty have been occurred in theoretical framework, then in sphere of international relations and international laws and other forms of international affairs. National sovereignty and the concept of “na More

  It seems that all the changes and evolutions in the concept of sovereignty have been occurred in theoretical framework, then in sphere of international relations and international laws and other forms of international affairs. National sovereignty and the concept of “nation- state” came to essence as a normative and legal principle after Westphalian Treaty (1648); but this normative and legal principle has never been absolute. So in the 18th and 19th centuries, and in the course of different approaches, it evolved completely and its normative aspect has been declined. The paper attends to four major controversial trends in political and international sphere, which are: a) contrast between communitarianism and universalism, which emerged from the European enlightenment in 18th and 19th centuries; b) contrast between realism and idealism, which came out after the establishing the discipline of international relations and had lasted till to 1970; c) contrast between neo-realism and liberalism, from 1970 to 1990; and d) contrast between realism and neo-realism in one side and critical post-cold war theories. The main discrepancy of these trends is on extent and limits of the state sovereignty. Manuscript profile
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  3 - Comparative Review of Theoretical Possibilities of Applying Theories of Cultural Variety (Liberalism, Post-Liberalism, Relativism, and Communitarianism)
    سید جواد امام جمعه
  Against predictions and despite the progressive developments in communication technologies, not only contemporary human societies are not becoming completely homogeneous, but also the identities, different life styles and also ethical and religious minorities which were More

  Against predictions and despite the progressive developments in communication technologies, not only contemporary human societies are not becoming completely homogeneous, but also the identities, different life styles and also ethical and religious minorities which were up to some decades ago in danger of extinction and losing their identities forever, they are raising again using today facilities and technologies and attempt to express their modes of distinction for others and hence, they can preserve their right to protect their traditions and act based on them for themselves. In this arena, the quality of interactions and mutual and just relations between identities, cultures, minorities and majorities with each other is an issue for which different theories are provided, most of which are taken from the liberal culture and their normative dimensions is related to society and culture. The current article attempts to understand this issue that which of these theories have more theoretical possibilities to become operational in multi-cultural societies? In this comparative and critical review of the most significant approaches and theories of cultural variety like liberal, post-liberal, relativism, and Communitarianism, it seems that Communitarianism approach may have more theoretical possibilities to become operational in multi-cultural societies. The current research applied the descriptive and analytic method and library resources to answer its question. Manuscript profile
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  4 - “Civil Disobedience” One Idea for Passing “Theoretical dead-end” of liberalism
  تورج  رحمانی علی  مختاری
  Civil disobedience has a long history in campaign method position. Political campaign of Mahatma Ghandi, Martin Luther King, and Nelson Mandella in 20 th century, are clear examples of civil disobedience. Of course this concept didn’t remain at the level of tactics and More

  Civil disobedience has a long history in campaign method position. Political campaign of Mahatma Ghandi, Martin Luther King, and Nelson Mandella in 20 th century, are clear examples of civil disobedience. Of course this concept didn’t remain at the level of tactics and political campaign method, but it had been deliberated theoretically and philosophically by some inellectuals like Hana Arendt, Urgen Habermas, Ronald Dorkin, John Rawls and many others and entered practically to modern political philosophy domain. In this paper we try to comprehend this fact that why and how civil disobedience tactic was deliberated theoretically by philosophers and turned into a serious issue in political philosophy domain? The proposed view in this paper is that through Arendti argumentation of civil disobidience concept and by documentation of society intellectual convention formation of liberalism’s instruction aboat crises and tensions, we can show the importance of civil disobedience concept in modern political thought. The crisis of liberal tradition in theoretical domain and existing capacities of civil disobedience thought in intellecual tactics and criticism, created the bond of this concept with modern political thought domain. Manuscript profile
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  5 - Isaiah Berlin; the Agonistic Liberalism Plan Based on Value Pluralism
     
  Finding the relation between liberalism and pluralism is one of such issues that the advocates and opponents of the doctrine of liberalism have been discussing in many respects. Some consider liberalism as the only doctrine through which pluralism can be realized, and s More

  Finding the relation between liberalism and pluralism is one of such issues that the advocates and opponents of the doctrine of liberalism have been discussing in many respects. Some consider liberalism as the only doctrine through which pluralism can be realized, and some do not see it consistent with pluralism because of its universal claim. This led Isaiah Berlin as the prominent thinkers of the twentieth century to examine the possibility of a pragmatic pluralism-based agonistic liberalism, and to propose solutions to liberalism from a situation in which it was accused of not being reconciled with pluralism. In this article, the purpose is to use the descriptive-analytical method and to collect data based on library resources, also by asking the question of what Isaiah Berlin's approach to reconciling liberalism with pluralism? The hypothesis is that Isaiah Berlin, with the design of value-oriented pluralism in the framework of liberalism, sought to reconcile liberalism with pluralism. Berlin's idea of criticism will also be criticized. In sum, comparing the arguments of Berlin on the one hand and the opponents of the reconciliation of liberalism and pluralism on the other, the result is that liberalism is neither in complete harmony, nor in complete dissonance with pluralism, but liberalism can, to a certain extent, accept the adoption of pluralism, which will not endanger its credible values for survival. Manuscript profile
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  6 - Critical Examination of the Foundations of Rawls's Political Justice in Relation to Original Position
    hamze alemi
  John Rawls offers a political definition of justice in the book “Political Liberalism” and believes that this definition, with the properties that he expresses for that, provides the necessary stability for the theory of justice as fairness. Political definition of just More

  John Rawls offers a political definition of justice in the book “Political Liberalism” and believes that this definition, with the properties that he expresses for that, provides the necessary stability for the theory of justice as fairness. Political definition of justice that sometimes Rawls mentions as “Political justice”, changes the conditions of “Original Position” that is mentioned in the book “A Theory of Justice” guarantees the stability justice as fairness, but this action results in some contradictions. By reading Rawls' political justice, this article attempts to study the relationship between “Political justice” and the “Original Position”. The result of this study shows that Rawls' “political justice” have foundations that faces “Original Position” with contradictions, in such a way that removal of “Original Position” in “political liberalism” does not produce the problem. Manuscript profile
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  7 - Relation of Bio-Politics to Global Discourses; Liberalism, Totalitarianism, and Security
  Fateh  Moradi Abasali  Rahbar
  The main aim of this paper is to investigate Liberalism, Totalitarianism, and security as discourses that related to Bio-Politics. The goal of discourse is making subject that is identified by his/her norms and controls in daily life. In this current text we want to rev More

  The main aim of this paper is to investigate Liberalism, Totalitarianism, and security as discourses that related to Bio-Politics. The goal of discourse is making subject that is identified by his/her norms and controls in daily life. In this current text we want to reveal relation of mentioned discourses to bio-politics and body-politics. Relation of discourses to body- politics have been developing in twenty century in theories and multiple texts. On the considering this texts, legislations and actions that tending to classification of bodies and population is one of main preoccupation of discourses in recent century. Norms of economical body or body which should be a productive body of capital, other body and security comes of mentioned discourses. Part of often researches have used to Michael Foucault though, therefore in recent text we used genealogy. So, our hypothesis is the Liberalism, Totalitarianism, and security are strongly to bio-politics, and originally they comes of elements of bio-politics. Consequently, current systems has been founded as bio-political discourses, due to accruing global/ local subjects. Manuscript profile